Assignment Final Paper Topic Essay Example for Free

Task Final Paper Topic Essay This work contains GEN 499 Week 3 Assignment Final Paper Topic Thesis Statement and Annotated Bibliography Education General Education Clarified Bibliography Audit the Final Research Paper directions situated inside the Final Research Paper connect. The Final Research Paper is expected in Week Five. To help with the arrangement of the paper, total the accompanying and submit it to your educator for input. Theme : Refer to the Final Research Paper rules for your point determination. Affirm your point, and distinguish how this choice identifies with your scholarly and expert interests. Audit the criticism from your point decision introduced in the Week One conversation. How did your contention confront the assessment of your friends? Postulation : Write an immediate and brief proposal articulation, which will end up being the point or viewpoint you will contend or demonstrate in the Final Research Paper. Allude to the Ashford Online Writing Center for data on the most proficient method to build up a strong proposition explanation. APA Reference Page : For this paper, you will direct research in peer-investigated diaries or different sources that are considered to have scholastic data. You will require at least five expert insightful sources, in any event one of which is an interactive media source. For each source, you are answerable for summing up the source and analyzing how it will bolster you in protecting your contention. Remember the Academic Research norms for all Ashford University Papers. Scholarly Research Scholarly exploration and papers must fulfill certain guidelines of value perceived by the scholastic network. What comprises quality, scholastic exploration? Essential sources, which are reports from the timeframe being talked about Secondary sources upheld by research in essential sources Credible sources (specialists in the zone of study) Â Relevant research (materials are p For downloading all the more course instructional exercises visit https://bitly.com/1rubFkT On the off chance that you are coming back to school with a child or more, you may expect that nearby living isn't an alternative. This isn't in every case valid. Alot of schools give a spot to kids to live also. Schools and colleges have acknowledged the way that a few understudies are more established and as of now have families. Make certain to approach ahead of schedule about lodging alternatives for families, since it will in general top off extremely quick. Instruction General Education Commented on Bibliography Survey the Final Research Paper directions situated inside the Final Research Paper connect. The Final Research Paper is expected in Week Five. To help with the planning of the paper, total the accompanying and submit it to your educator for input. Point : Refer to the Final Research Paper rules for your subject determination. Affirm your point, and distinguish how this choice identifies with your scholastic and expert interests. Survey the criticism from your subject decision introduced in the Week One conversation. How did your contention confront the assessment of your companions? Postulation : Write an immediate and succinct proposal articulation, which will end up being the point or viewpoint you will contend or demonstrate in the Final Research Paper. Allude to the Ashford Online Writing Center for data on the most proficient method to build up a strong proposition proclamation. APA Reference Page : For this paper, you will direct research in peer-looked into diaries or different sources that are considered to have scholastic data. You will require at least five expert insightful sources, in any event one of which is a sight and sound source. For each source, you are answerable for summing up the source and looking at how it will bolster you in safeguarding your contention. Remember the Academic Research norms for all Ashford University Papers. Scholastic Research Scholastic examination and papers must fulfill certain guidelines of qualityâ recognized by the scholarly network. What comprises quality, scholastic exploration? Essential sources, which are archives from the timeframe being examined Secondary sources upheld by research in essential sources Credible sources (specialists in the territory of study) Important exploration (materials are appropriate to the zone of study) In graduate work, the utilization of companion inspected diary articles (diary articles evaluated by perceived specialists in the significant field of study) is required.

The Meaning of Work free essay sample

The New Meaning of Work When one considers work, one frequently thinks about an occupation, however work is unquestionably in excess of a vocation. Despite the fact that work positively accommodates fundamental resource needs and not too bad day to day environments, this isn't its lone capacity. Work is, most importantly, a movement through which an individual fits into the world, makes new relations, utilizes his abilities, learns and develops builds up his character and a feeling of having a place. Numerous individuals make the most of their work and take a lot of delight from it.Many work environments are charming spots to be. Numerous organizations have discovered that it is a lot simpler to hold representatives who like what they do and play around with their activity. Natural structures, for example, groups and systems are typically significantly more captivating than customary, unthinking structures. In the course of recent years work fulfillment has expanded essentially and nature of work life has improved. The idea of work has changed, for example, work settings and authoritative structures which makes more individuals happy with their employments. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Meaning of Work or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A mental agreement is unwritten desires that speaks to the shared convictions, recognitions, and casual commitments between a business and a worker. The significant rule that drives any mental agreement is reasonableness. For instance, when one worker wins more than the another. The manner in which individuals feel at work affects how they treat clients, their associations with individual representatives and how profitable they are at their specific employment. Despondent representatives are not as profitable or as effective as cheerful employees.Management can utilize numerous approaches to guarantee work fulfillment for their workers. Most organizations have improved their work settings. Adaptable work time programs, whereby a representative can set their own work routine, this is a positive advance toward making a strong work setting. A positive work setting likewise makes a working day increasingly agreeable for representatives. Facilities, for example, furniture, hardware, supplies, an eating zone, or an unwinding focus can build work fulfillment. Most illuminated organizations center around continually improving the nature of work life. Organizations that make group and systems administration structures give an assortment of upper administration contacts, there is nobody supervisor to manage. In such structures, where administrators work intently together, awful supervisors are seen immediately then evacuated. This ongoing accentuation on venture groups has likewise made increasingly steady work affiliations. Though practical offices and divisions that expect representatives to work alone in desk areas are frequently generic, venture groups that cooperate in a focal space are continually connecting and attempt to make attachment and co-activity among their members.When self-guided groups are made, individuals can turn out to be progressively roused and eager, grow new plans to improve bunch execution, and accept more prominent accountability in placing these plans vigorously. Weariness is decreased and imagination empowered. it is significant for work advancement to happen, it gives testing openings and connects wit h the laborer. Workers feel that they are achieving something huge and that they are making a commitment to the firm. They can settle on choices and assume liability for their work.It makes a feeling that they have a place and are esteemed for their commitments. Work has developed a throughout the decades, because of the advancement of sciences and advances, significant changes occurred in the hierarchical structure and culture, with their outcomes on the association of work. Contrasted with what work environment was 50 years back, in todays world, the structure, substance and procedure of work have changed. The latest century has seen fast change happen more every now and again than any other time in recent memory, because of innovative developments.These improvements clearly have the point of improving lives, at the same time carrying better creating conditions to the working environment. Numerous organizations utilize present day advances to build up their beneficial limit. This implies mechanical development improves the quality and amount ofâ products, influencing staff correspondence inside associations. Fifty years back, production line occupations were supplanted by work in the administration division. Presently, the informationâ revolution has transformed the perfect representative into an individual with aptitudes, for example, the capacity to comprehend, orchestrate and break down data.

Public Schools

Public Schools Government Voucher Effects On Public Schools Home›Research Posts›Government Voucher Effects On Public Schools Research PostsThe research proposal is about how the government school vouchers have impacted on the public school system. The idea was first introduced by Milton Friedman about four decades ago and its main aim was to give some form of subsidiaries financially in form of vouchers to parents that take their children to private and religious schools. This however did not get good reception at the time but in recent times it has had increased support as it is believed it will lead up to improving the quality of education that is being offered in public schools.   This will give the incentive for competition while giving the freedom of choice in relation to the place where the child can go to school irrespective of the socio-economic status. This will mean that the public schools will have to give better education if parents will take their children there while the private schools will cease being the place for children who come from a wealthy background (Peters, 1996).According to Peters (1996), the school vouchers can be implemented in a variety of flavours that will include various options. These will all include the payment that will be made to the parents whose children attend private schools in offsetting the tuition and any educational expenses. This will be done by either the state or federal government depending on the type of program that will be put in place. The system will cater for the tuition fees for any parent who wants to their children to attend a private school or a religious one. In the process, this will work towards ending the monopoly in education that has been controlled by the state and local governments.The monopoly has always stifled competition between schools irrespective of their nature for two main reasons. The first reason is that the public schools have always been guaranteed of enrolment that is either done on a geog raphical basis. The second reason is that the other option to public schools which is the private ones has some high fees for tuition that most parents cannot afford. Due to this the ordinary parent who is not happy or dissatisfied with the state of quality of education that is offered in the public schools cannot opt for it as they cannot afford it. On the other hand the public schools due to the guaranteed enrolment do not have an incentive to compete by providing quality in education that is offered. However with the vouchers parents will have this option hence the schools will have to work towards quality education otherwise they will end up with empty classrooms due lacking of enrolment (Friedman, 1997).The introduction of the voucher would also assist in reducing the overcrowding that is in the public schools. This has led to a strain on the on the situation that is already desperate. In doing this the quality of education offered in these centres will improve as each student will be attended to on a personal level while his or her needs will also put into consideration.    In addition to this the private schools will have more room for other students hence easing on the crisis (Kalantzis Cope, 2011).According to Friedman (1997), the increased competition among both the private and public schools will ease on the notion that is already present in which the private schools are thought to offer better quality education. The free market will mean the brightest students will have the opportunity to choose the type of school they desire to go to. In avoiding the departure of their brightest schools the public schools will have to do better in order to keep them. On the negative side of it the public schools will have lower funding and further lower their chances of survival. In addition the competition will not be fair like in the case of transportation that public schools have to incur that private schools do not. This will also allow the private schools t o pick students that they believe fit their criteria leaving the unwanted ones for the public schools.The research study will aim at looking at the effects that Vouchers to schools by government will impact on the public schools. The vouchers mainly mean a financial assistance that is given parents who have taken their children to private schools as a relief to the tuition and other educational expense. In this construct, it will help in determining if the introduction of the vouchers will either improve or lead to the deterioration of the services that are offered in the public schools (Peters, 1996).MethodParticipantsThis will be a descriptive research study that will be trying to find out if the voucher introduction will have an impact in the public schools. Hence the parents whose children attend the public schools will be interviewed. The method of sampling that will be used will be multi-stage. In this different regions will be divided into geographically to create clusters an d from these proportional sampling will be used in that the cluster with the highest population of students who will get a higher sampling number in comparison to the minimum one.Ethical ConsiderationsAll the parents who are going to be interviewed will be informed that the exercise to be carried out is for the purpose of a study being done hence it’s on a voluntary basis. Due to this all those who will not give consent will not be included in the study. In addition all those who are partaking in the exercise will have to have children who go to public schools and hence would be affected by such an exercise.   Those who give consent will be assured that there identity will be kept private and the opinion that is given is the one to be used for the statistical analysis. At the same time grand parents who may be taking care of their grand children and not sure of the meaning of the study will be excluded from the study.MeasuresIn order to determine that the research to be carried ou t will be valid the questionnaires that are going to be to be used will include a demography section to ensure they symbolize that actual people were interviewed in the study. In this section the parent will state the school(s) that his or children attend and the level. In addition it will also try and seek their opinion on the quality of education offered in public schools and if the introduction of the vouchers will result in the improved quality of education. In order to ensure the response is even and it does not give a logistical nightmare in the analysis stage, the questionnaire needs to be structured and closed implying that the responses to be given will be limited to a certain criteria. The questionnaires to be given must be filled and taken away at the same time hence if a parent says he or she is too busy should be excluded. This can be attributed to influence on the options to be filled that may be influenced by other figures or persons who may voice their opinion leadin g to incorrect information.Procedure for Data CollectionAll the respondents will be interviewed using a questionnaire that they will be expected to fill. In a situation where they are not clear of the meaning of the question it shall be explained by the research assistants who will be properly trained in carrying out the exercise for easy facilitation and reduce the incidence of spoilt questionnaires due to inappropriate filling of the questions and this will interfere with the sampling number that had been selected leading to invalidation of the research being carried out. Before the commencement of the answering of the questionnaires, the parents who fit the criteria of the sample population will be explained about the significance of the study as a whole inclusive of its purpose to avoid any misunderstandings.

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The Benefits of Cloning Essay - 970 Words

The Benefits of Cloning Imagine having a twin that looks and acts exactly like you. Even more interesting this twin is a product of scientific cloning. If scientists have their way, identical replicas of human beings will be roaming the earth. This scientific vision may occur a lot more recent then many think. Cloning can be (better) understood by looking at it’s definition, process, and some examples. This first step to better understanding cloning is to hear precisely what it is. Cloning can be defined as an organism or group of organisms derived from another organism by an asexual reproductive process. Usually members of a clone are identical in genes (Clarke, 1). Even though the definition is relatively simple, it will be†¦show more content†¦One cloning project currently under way is a revival of the Huia Bird. Once native to New Zealand, but became extinct in the 1920’s. Mainly because the Huias large feathers became a â€Å"hot fashion accessory† (Grossman, 1). However in order to start the cloning process remnants of the birds cells or bones must first be found (Grossman, 1). Another example of an attempt to relive our past is due to Larry Agenbroad, a Northern Arizona University geologist, and his team of international scientists, who plan to clone a Woolly Mammoth from DNA remnants. The frozen animal will be taken from Siberia and flown 200 miles. Once the beast reaches its destination the animal will be kept frozen in a tunnel. The eleven foot animal will be studies thoroughly, but the primary task is to extract DNA (Okimoto, 1). This mission has not been totally cleared yet, so while legalities, and other obstacles are overcome, the beast sits frozen in Siberia. As more cloning experiments are conducted, the success rate is climbing, and as success heightens more notable examples will occur. The science of cloning can at first be considered very frightening, however once one has a better understanding of this science through its definition, process, and some examples, one should realize that some great possibilities could occur in the future. Works Cited Clarke, Bryan C. â€Å"Clone.† Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia. copyright 1999. 5 Oct. 1999Show MoreRelatedThe Potential Benefits Of Cloning1068 Words   |  5 PagesCloning Cloning has been one of the most widely discussed and controversial scientific topics in the past decade. Cloning has been applied in many fields including the creation of new breeds of plants and animals. However, the cloning of plants has been practiced for hundreds of years. Cloning can be done on a larger level in animals and has potential benefits. The general process of cloning is to take one cell from the parent making the offspring and parent genetically identical (Tsunoda andRead MoreThe Benefits of Cloning Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe Advantages of Cloning The first successfully cloned mammal was created on February of 1997. It was a breakthrough in scientific research when the Scottish scientists cloned a sheep by the name of Dolly. The method of cloning requires the extraction of DNA from anywhere on a subjects body and inserting that DNA into a womans egg. Worldwide attention was turned to the prospect of human cloning and with a push for sweeping prohibition (Tribe 459) legislatures around the world banned anyRead MoreThe Benefits of Human Cloning1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe Benefits of Human Cloning There are many ways in which in which human cloning is expected to benefit mankind. Below is a list that is far from complete. †¢ Dr. Richard Seed, one of the leading proponents of human cloning technology, suggests that it may someday be possible to reverse the aging process because of what we learn from cloning. †¢ Human cloning technology could be used to reverse heart attacks. Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack victims by cloning theirRead MoreBenefits of Cloning Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesBenefits of Cloning What if while walking down the street you encountered someone who looked exactly like you? Would you stare in amazement or would your heart be filled with fear? At first some people may look upon the idea of cloning with disgust and question themselves if humans should play God while others would be interested and study the many possibilities that cloning offers. This illustrates the path that cloning has taken over the latter part of the twentieth century. At first, whenRead MoreEssay on Benefits of Human Cloning614 Words   |  3 PagesBenefits of Human Cloning Some of the Benefits of cloning are very appealing. Listed below are some of the benefits which could be possible with the use of cloning technology: †¢ Rejuvenation. Dr. Richard Seed, one of the leading proponents of human cloning technology, suggests that it may someday be possible to reverse the aging process because of what we learn from cloning. †¢ Human cloning technology could be used to reverse heart attacks. Scientists believe that they may be able to treatRead More The Benefits of Cloning Research Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe Benefits of Cloning Research   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"To be or not to be†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In the last fifty years new forms of technology have been the center of attention for every human being. It seems that every day scientists come up with some new, perhaps even controversial, and exciting ways to improve the quality of life. These new technologies affect every aspect of life, as we know it. One such technology is the research being done in the area of cloning. Cloning is the production of one or more cells, individualRead MoreBenefits of Cloning Essay examples737 Words   |  3 PagesCloning is the process of making a genetically identical organism through the use of a DNA sample. After the first cloned sheep dolly was created, many people were keen in knowing more about cloning and its benefit to society. Additionally, many of us want to know the pros and con the disadvantages and possible risks it may have on society and mankind. Most importantly, there are three types of cloning, therapeutic, reproductive , and embryonic cloning. These types of cloning are all ways of scientistsRead MoreEssay on The Benefits of Human Cloning1005 Words   |  5 PagesThe Benefits of Human Cloning In recent years, many new breakthroughs in the areas of science and technology have been discovered. A lot of these discoveries have been beneficial to scientific community and to the people of the world. One of the newest breakthroughs is the ability to clone. Ever since Ian Wilmut and his co-workers completed the successful cloning of an adult sheep named Dolly, there has been an ongoing debate on whether it is right or wrong to continueRead More The Benefits of Cloning Essay examples1063 Words   |  5 PagesThe Advantages of Cloning      Ã‚   People often question whether or not cloning is morally acceptable in our society, and also if it is worth all the money that we spend on research for cloning.   It is hard to believe that not to long ago many people believed that joining a sperm and an egg in a test tube was considered to be morally wrong.   It is now used by millions of doctors around the world.   Cloning is at the beginning stages of being considered morally unacceptable and will soonRead MoreThe Benefits Of Human Reproductive Cloning989 Words   |  4 PagesIn measuring the benefits, human reproductive cloning would be advantageous to the well-being of humans and because it is a fulfillment of personal autonomy. Firstly, this technique is a sound method for infertile couples to have a genetically related ‘child’ and it is a method to provide a patient medical treatment in a form of gene therapy or organ transplants (Hayry 2003). Secondly, the value of personal self-governan ce has been emphasized by human traditions in which the liberty of individuals

Modularity in Development Free Essays

Modularity is found in all facets of life and is very important in the biological development of an organism. Simon (1962)(in Gilbert, 7th ed.) argued that modularity is important in nature for the design and description of complex systems at all levels. We will write a custom essay sample on Modularity in Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now He gave the example of two matchmakers to explain how modularity is important in the stable development of complicated system. Living beings are not composed of hierarchies. â€Å"Each entity is an organized array of constituent modular parts, and at the same time, the constituent of a larger module.† (Gilbert S., 7th ed.) These modules interact among themselves to form a larger coherent module. An evolutionary module is characterized as a unit that functions as an individual in respect of three processes of replication, interaction and evolution. (Lewontin (1970), in Bolker, 2000) One level in which modularity is clearly seen is in the later stages of embryonic development. According to Bonner (1988, in Gilbert 1998, pp.172), â€Å"Modularity is associated with ‘gene nets’ that can participate in many different aspects of development.† This happens through discrete and interacting modules. Klingenberg has defined modules as â€Å"units that are internally coherent by manifold interactions of their parts, but are relatively autonomous from other such units with which they are connected by fewer or weaker interactions.† (Klingenberg, 2002) Modules are, therefore, said to be â€Å"individualized† units separate from their surroundings. Raff listed the characteristics of developmental modules in his definition. He said that modules must possess certain â€Å"discrete specification, hierarchical organization, interactions with other modules, a particular physical location within a developing organism, and the ability to undergo transformations on both developmental and evolutionary time scales.† (Raff 1996, qtd. in Bolker, 2000) He explained that modules are â€Å"dynamic entities† which represent localized processes as seen in morphogenetic fields rather than â€Å"simply incipient structures† like organ rudiments. Modules are found to have external connectivity along with internal integration. So, modules allow for the three processes of dissociation, duplication and divergence, and cooption. (Raff 1997, qtd in Gilbert, 1998) Dissociation lets one module change without affecting other modules and that, in turn, permits heterochrony. Dissociation also allows allometry, letting different parts grow at different rates. The principles of duplication and divergence are seen in the variations of themes produced by morphogenetic fields. These are seen in different sizes and shapes of teeth, and the difference in hind limb and forelimb. Modularity also permits cooption, such that the same module can create both, jaws in fishes and mammalian middle ear cartilage. (Gould 1990, in Gilbert 1998) Modules can also undergo developmental and evolutionary change separately from other modules. The signaling interactions within modules over a distance are carried out by morphogens (Neumann, Kersberg, Ferguson, Gudon and Bouiillot, qtd.   Klingenberg, 2002) These are proteins of families like FGF, hedgehog, Wnt or TGF-?, or molecules like retinoic acid. These are termed as â€Å"panacrine† factors. These factors stimulate the transcription factors in cells through the signal transduction cascades between them. This brings about a stimulation of a specific feature or factor in the cells in a module. Each module in an embryo makes a different level of a living entity. E.g. a cell is a part of tissue and organelles are parts of cells. Organelles must function to make a coherent cell and cells must function to make a coherent tissue. Modular units lets different parts of the embryo develop without interfering with other units. So development occurs through discrete and interacting modules. According to Keller (1986) (in Bolker, 2000), the best-characterized module is the dorsal marginal zone (DMZ) of the â€Å"Xenopus† gastrula. It fulfills all the necessary criteria for a module. It can be physically isolated from the rest of the embryo and still undergo shape change, so it can be said that convergent extension is intrinsic to DMZ; the force-generating function is uniquely localized to DMZ; all cells within the DMZ interact to produce overall shape change; and lastly, this region can be identified in other amphibian embryos and related fish, like sturgeon. Other modules, apart from morphogenetic fields, are imaginal discs, like the wing imaginal disc of Drosophila; cell lineages like inner cell mass or trophoblast, insect parasgments, and vertebrate organ rudiments, somites, rhombomeres in flies, RTK-Ras or Wnt, or IP3 pathways are also considered to be developmental and evolutionary modules. Katherine Anderson first discovered a morphogenetic determinant i.e. an mRNA for the snake protein in her laboratory of Cristiane N?sslein Volhard. â€Å"She rescued eggs from homozygous snake mothers by injecting them with small amounts of cytoplasm from wild eggs.† (Gilbert, 1998) Instead of an entire dorsal cuticle being developed, the dorsoventral pattern was restored in them. They also carried out experiments on Drosophila. They showed that a morphogen could be stored as mRNA, but it could be localized to a region of cytoplasm. Modules can associate with other modules in new ways. Examples at molecular level are proteins like ?-catenin, which can be either a part of Wnt pathway or a cell adhesion factor. At cellular level, the Hedgehog module, which is used to make a border in insect blastoderm, is later used in making eyespots of the wing (Keys et al 1999, in Gilbert, seventh ed.). Buffering of modules is also seen, e.g. the â€Å"double assurance† of Spemann (1927) (in Gilbert, 7th ed.) Modules play an important role in evolution. Evolutionary biologists consider modules as sub-units or components of a larger system. Averof and Patel (1994) showed that the pattern of Ubx and abd-A Hox gene expression correlates with the presence or absence of the modification of thoracic limbs and feeding maxillipeds.(Gilbert, 1998) The maxillipeds form only when the genes are inactive. In vertebrates, the distinction between cervical and thoracic vertebrae, and that between cervical and lumbar vertebrae is mediated by Hox genes.   This is apart from the main role in development. Thus, modular units play important parts in an embryo. Works Cited Gilbert, Scott. â€Å"Modules: Key Pieces in the Integration of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology.† Chapter 23. Developmental Biology. Seventh Edition. [Online]www.devbio.com/article.php?id=222 Klingenberg, Christian P. 2002. â€Å"Integration, modules, and development: molecules to morphology to evolution.† [Online]www.flywings.org.uk/PDF%20files/New%20Modules%20%20Integration.pdf Bolker, J.A. 2000. â€Å"Modularity in Development and Why It Matters to Evo-Devo.† American Zoologist, 40:770–776, 2000. [Online]icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/40/5/770 Gilbert, Scott F. 1998. â€Å"Conceptual Breakthroughs in Developmental Biology.† Journal of Biosciences, 23, No. 3, Sep 1998, pp. 169-176. Indian Academy of Sciences. [Online]www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci/september1998/JB3b.pdf How to cite Modularity in Development, Essay examples

Sneakers War free essay sample

Marketing Management SNEAKER WARS 2007 Nike never lacks for boldness. The Beaverton sneaker goliath recently offered the German National Soccer Federation $778 million to sponsor its national soccer team for 10 years in an audacious move to rattle its German rival adidas and long-time sponsor of the German team. Nikes new chief executive, Mark Parker, upped the boldness quotient again on Feb. 6, when he outlined an ambitious plan to grow revenues by $8 billion in five years. In his first major initiative since inheriting the top spot (Chief Executive) in January, 2006, Parker explained to investors at Nikes annual analyst conference how the company aims to grow to $23 billion in global revenue by 2011. The comprehensive long-term strategy calls for reshaping the management structure; redefining Nikes relationship with its fast-changing, digitally driven consumer; and adding 100 new company stores worldwide in three years. Were fundamentally changing the way we organize the company, Parker said. Nike is as hungry and as driven as weve ever been before and becoming more focused and more competitive. While analysts and investors applauded much of Nikes new strategy, some questioned whether the company could actually do it. After all, revenues would need to rise 53% over five years, or average about 9% a year, to reach the target of $23 billion. Its going to be challenging to achieve $8 billion in new sales without turning around slumping sales in Europe, Japan, and the U. S. basketball market a crucial $3 billion to $3. billion market segment. I think its going to be tough for them, said John Shanley, financial analyst for Susquehanna Financial. Basketball, for example, is shrinking in terms of sales. They have 96% of the market share in the $100 or more price point. How do you get high single-digit growth when you already have more than 96% of the market? Nike executives fell short in offering specific details to some of these questions and focused more on painting a broa der picture of the new strategy. They stressed a multi-pronged approach that includes reorganizing the Nike brand into six main athletic divisions running, basketball, soccer, womens fitness, mens training, and sport culture that are expected to generate 75% of the brands growth. The company had previously divided the brand into three segments: footwear, apparel, and equipment. Growth is also expected to come from emerging markets and potential acquisitions. But Nike Brand President Charlie Denson said the company can reach the $23 billion target without new acquisitions. As for new markets, China is expected to become Nikes second biggest market behind the U. S. , potentially chalking up $1 billion in sales. Nike is building a strategy for growth across China that will foster new connections with Chinese youth, a market share plan designed to reap benefits far beyond the Beijing Olympics next year, top executives said last week. By tapping into swelling consumerism, label consciousness and new social freedoms among Chinas youth, Nike hopes to cement and expand its current position as the leading athletic footwear and apparel brand in the worlds most populous country, currently the companys fourth-largest market. With about $600 million in current annual sales, Nike believes China has the potential to be the companys second-largest market behind the United States with revenue of $1 billion within five years. The company estimates some 50 million Chinese youth play basketball. We think our opportunity there is to connect more deeply with local culture, Parker said, explaining Nikes overall China strategy. Parker said Nike will create products and retail and digital experiences designed to resonate with wired, hip and willing-to-spend Chinese youth living in different cities and regions. Ultimately, thats going to be our best foundation for growth going forward, Parker said. China is a prime component in the global Nike puzzle that will help push total sales for the Beaverton, Oregon-based company toward a target of $23 billion by 2011. Nike also views India, whose population growth rate is rising faster than China’s and Russia as potential $1 billion markets. Although the budget for Nik es 2008 Beijing Olympics strategy has not yet been planned, Nike Brand President Charlie Denson said that commitment would be major. But, Denson said, We are looking beyond Beijing. A recent Just Do It campaign that aired on Chinese television featured a young woman basketball player and a young male skateboarder who spoke of their lives and dreams through sports. A popular Internet-based advertising campaign that followed the television advertisements encouraged teenagers to send in their own stories. While soccer and basketball are the most popular sports among Chinese youth, Nike also sees a huge market for its sports culture footwear and apparel lines that capture the allure of sports without the performance aspects. Trevor Edwards, Nikes vice president of global brand and category management, explained that Nike is trying to encourage Chinese youth to find their individual voice. The Just Do It campaign and others, Edwards said, communicated that we were a brand about opportunity; we were a brand about hope. Nike sponsors 22 out of 28 Chinese sports federations. While the best-known Chinese athlete in the United States, basketball centre Yao Ming, is signed with Reebok, a division of Adidas AG , popular Chinese hurdler and Olympic gold medallist Liu Xiang is a Nike athlete. Even though much of Nikes marketing campaign in China is based on youth individuality, Nike wants to make sure their footwear fits the millions. To that end, Nikes engineers and physiologists back at their headquarters have been collecting data about Chinese feet. But the company will not say whether specific footwear lines will be launched for China. Nikes India business has grown 40% since last year thanks in part to its efforts in cricket. Nike executives also said they plan to invest aggressively in other potential billion-dollar markets such as Russia and Brazil. Back in the USA, Nikes efforts to add new retail stores and elevate its partnership with existing retailers is a big part of its new strategy. This effort comes at a time of sluggish sales from some of its biggest retailers mall-based chains Foot Locker (FL) and Finish Line (FINL). Nike executives said the company plans to grow its direct-to-retail business to 15% of total sales, or $3. 5 billion, from 12% today. The segment includes its own stores, factory outlets, and an e-commerce division, which executives expect to see a significant increase in revenues over the next five years. For the planned retail investment, Nike will increase capital spending to $475 million annually, up from just under $400 million, Nike said. Gary DeStefano, president of Nikes global operations, stressed its retail goal is to make Nike a better retail partner: This is not about Nike vs. the retailers, he said. This is a partnership. We believe this could be a growth strategy. But probably Nikes boldest bet is on the consumer. In the eyes of Parker, this new and evolving digitally driven consumer is reshaping the retailing landscape. The power is now in the onsumers hands, and Parker believes Nike and other consumer brand companies need to adjust to the new market dynamics. Consumers have never held as much power as they do today, Parker said. And clearly the power has shifted to consumers. Nikes Denson said this fundamental shift can be captured in the way the company studies its consumer profiles. In the past, managers used to consider 18- and 22-year-olds as part of the same demo graphic target. Now he says they are treated as separate and distinct markets when it comes to age, interests, and tastes. We spent the last 30 years trying to bundle things, and now its almost the reverse and we have to un-bundle things, Denson said, explaining Nikes new efforts to tailor products to individual consumers. Despite these fundamental changes in how Nike approaches its customers and its reshaped management structure, some things never change. Nike remains its audacious self and competitive juices still run strong. It still has goals to dominate markets where it is not already No. 1, and it’s redoubling efforts to unseat rival Adidas as the worlds top supplier of soccer shoes and apparel. Its recent bid to sponsor the German national team is part of its 2010 goal to dominant the football brand, said Nike marketing vice-president Trevor Edwards. We believe its time to create separation. This is not a game of chicken. Some things never change. Adidas expects growth overseas, particularly in Asia, to push sales at its Reebok division to US$5 billion ($7. 42 billion) over the next three to five years, up from US$3 billion, adidas chief Herbert Hainer said yesterday. The worlds second-largest sporting goods maker after Nike also said it expected to cut costs including at Reebok, which it acquired last year by about 87 million euros ($1. 6 billion) this year. That will more than offset integration costs, resulting in an overall cost savings of about 10 to 20 million euros, Hainer said. For the Reebok brand, the main growth driver will be Asia and to a certain extent Europe as well. Key markets like Germany and France are underdeveloped, as is Russia. Emerging markets have a huge potential and we will grow in the US, but by far not at the pace of Asia. Much of that growth will come toward the latter part of that period with the brand expecting only modest revenue growth, said Paul Harrington, president and CEO of the Reebok brand. Adidas, the German based sporting goods giant, bought Reebok in a US$3. 8 billion deal, looking to complement its strength in Europe with a major US brand that had greater strength in the fashion segment. But the Reebo k brand has been a drag on Adidass performance thus far. In November 2006, the German company lowered its 2007 profit growth forecast to 15 per cent from 20 per cent, citing trouble at Reebok. Adidas shares have slid almost 14 per cent since the Reebok takeover closed on January 31, 2006. Rival Nikes shares have risen about 24 per cent over that time. Reeboks sales have been lagging in the United States and the United Kingdom, though adidas plans a big expansion for the brand in Asia, including about 3200 stores in China, India and Russia by 2010. It is to open 200 stores in China and 90 in Russia this year. The brand is also eyeing an expansion in Japan, South Korea, Turkey, Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe. In Brazil, Argentina, Switzerland and Spain, where the brand is still sold by third-party distributors, the company is working to buy out those contracts, but some may have to run their course through to 2012. At present, about 40 per cent of the Reebok brands sales come from North America and 40 per cent from Europe. Part of what makes the expansion outside the United States so appealing is that profit margins tend to be higher in the rest of the world, Hainer said. You have much higher quantity on the US market, but much more value, higher profit margins on the European or Asian market. Adidas plans to reposition its Reebok brand to target athletics apparel consumers who value individuality, with a goal of broadening beyond an urban youth target audience and re-emphasizing Reeboks roots as an athletics performance brand. The strategy comes as Germany-based adidas ramps up its investment in Reebok a year after acquiring the brand and then seeing Reebok sales fall into a slump. The revised brand strategy builds off the edgy I am what I am campaign Reebok adopted four years ago by embracing hip-hop culture and youth-oriented entertainment alongside its traditional athletics performance market. The new strategy will maintain the I am what I am theme in many of Reeboks advertisements. But it also will position Reebok as an American-inspired global brand that celebrates individuality in sport and life, according to Adidas. Reebok President and Chief Executive Paul Harrington said the brand will gently shift emphasis toward suburban consumers of all ages without abandoning the urban youth targeted by I am what I am. Reebok also will try to reconnect with consumers who value athletic performance over fashion. While I am what I am wont go by the wayside, It may not be as loud as it was when we first launched it, Harrington said in an interview at Reeboks Canton headquarters, where he was joined by Adidas CEO and Chairman Herbert Hainer. The street-influenced I am what I am campaign helped Reebok connect with youth by featuring endorsers such as rappers 50 Cent and Jay-Z. But some industry analysts said the campaign risked alienating customers who prize performance over fashion and marked too sharp a departure for a brand that gained traction pitching aerobics shoes to women in the 1980s. Were not going to move totally away from music, but were going to reach for a broader audience, Harrington said. Adidas hopes Reebok will double its U. S. business and narrow Beaverton, Oregon-based Nike Inc. s market leadership. But adidas said in November last year (2006) that sales of Reebok-branded shoes and other apparel fell 7 percent in the first nine months of last year, compared with the same peri od in 2005. Adidas also conceded that Reeboks profit growth this year would fall short of initial expectations, and it said it intended to increase Reebok investment this year. Among other things, Reebok has been hurt by a recent decline in the once-hot market for retro-styled sneakers that mimic styles from the 80s a trend that Reebok helped drive, said John Horan, publisher of Sport Goods Intelligence, a Glen Mills, Pennsylvania-based industry newsletter. Since Adidas completed the Reebok deal in January 2006, analysts have speculated as to how the one-time athletics sneaker and apparel rivals would position the two separately managed brands to avoid competing against one another in the same market niches. The strategy announced Thursday will be launched with two Reebok campaigns this year. The first is a Run Easy campaign beginning this spring emphasizing the fun and joy of running, rather than its blood, sweat and tears aspect and winning. Reebok plans to launch a broader campaign in August targeting a variety of athletes as well as lifestyle apparel consumers around the theme Best On/Best Off suggesting that Reebok products offer the best in apparel both on and off the playing field. New products Reebok plans to introduce this year include a running shoe created especially for women, a new Allen Iverson model basketball shoe, and an apparel collection endorsed by actress Scarlett Johansson. Andrew Rohm, a former Reebok marketing employee and now an assistant professor of marketing at North-eastern University, said the revised strategy reflects an attempt by Reebok to create a new niche to complement the Adidas brand, whose traditional strength has been in athletic performance, especially soccer. I think it may be a reflection of looking less at sheer sales volume, and more in terms of owning a unique space, and becoming more of a niche player than they have tried to be in the past, Rohm said. Reeboks Harrington said the revised marketing strategy will help position the brand for a comeback. It really positions us for growth in the back end of 2007, he said. Puma, the maker of athletic shoes, shirts and other sporting goods, said its fourth-quarter profit fell 26 percent as it tries to broaden its product base and expand into new regions. But the company, the worlds third-biggest maker of sports apparel behind Nike Inc. and adidas AG, said it expected sales and earnings in 2007 to increase in the higher single-digit figure range, largely on demand for its licensed products. Overall, we are very pleased with 2006 and our start to (the latest restructuring phase), as we set some ambitious targets and are on track or ahead on all accounts, Chief Executive Jochen Zeitz said in a statement. But more important than the past is the future and weve put ourselves in a solid early position to deliver on our objectives. Puma earned euro32. 8 million (US$43 million) in the last three months of 2006, down from euro44. 1 million in the same quarter of 2005. Analysts polled by Dow Jones Newswires had expected a profit of euro34 million (US$44. 6 million). Sales rose 38 percent to euro480 million (US$629. 7 million) from euro349. 2 million a year ago, still less than the euro492 million (US$645. 4 million) analysts had predicted. For the year, Puma earned euro263. 2 million (US$345. 3 million), down nearly 8 percent from euro285. 8 million in 2005, just below analysts estimates of euro264 million (US$346. million). Sales rose 33 percent to euro2. 37 billion (US$3. 11 billion) from euro1. 78 billion in 2005, just under estimates of euro2. 38 billion (US$3. 12 billion). The sales increase was led, in part, by better-than-expected demand for its shirts and helped by the afterglow of the 2006 soccer World Cup, in which Puma sponsored the champion Italy. It is also a key supplier to many African teams. Since Zeitz was named CEO and chairman of the company in 1993, Puma has returned to profitability and increased sales and expanded its research and development, marketing and branding programs. Its latest restructuring effort is aimed at expanding the companys reputation as a maker of lifestyle brands clothes, shoes and accessories, such as eyeglasses and expand in more regions and categories. For the year, Puma posted strong sales in North and South America, with sales reaching euro724. 1 million (US$949. 95 million), up 51. 8 percent from 2005. In Asia and the Pacific, sales more than tripled to euro486. 5 million (US$638. 24 million). In Europe, the Middle East and Africa sale increased 5. 1 percent to euro1. 15 billion (US$1. 51 billion). The companys backlog of orders a key indicator for future sales performance was at euro1. 12 billion (US$1. 47 billion) at the end of 2006, up 4. 7 percent from euro1. 07 billion in 2005. Shares of Herzogenaurach-based Puma were up nearly 2 percent after the results were released but fell back more than half a percent to euro288. 01 (US$377. 84) in Frankfurt trading. References: Business Week Online Can Nike Do It? By Stanley Holmes 7 February 2007 Reuters News Nike striving to be brand about hope in China By Alexandria Sage 12 February 2007 New Zealand Herald Reebok to race in Europe and Asia 3 February 2007 Associated Press Newswires Adidas shifting Reeboks brand identity By MARK JEWELL 2 February 2007 Associated Press Newswires Athletic apparel maker Puma says 4th-quarter profit drops 26 percent By MATT MOORE 19 February 2007 Questions 1. Conduct a SWOT analysis of the key players in the sneaker industry and critically analyse their influence within the industry and the market. (25 marks) 2. Evaluate all significant trends in the environment and assess what impact each is likely to have on the sneaker industry. (25 marks) (Total = 50 marks)

Could Gambling Save Science Encouraging An Honest Consensus Essays

Could Gambling Save Science: Encouraging an Honest Consensus To appear in Social Epistemology, 1992. (version appeared: in Proc. Eighth Intl. Conf. on Risk and Gambling, London, 7/90.) C O U L D G A M B L I N G S A V E S C I E N C E? Encouraging an Honest Consensus by Robin Hanson Visiting Researcher, The Foresight Institute P.O. Box 61058, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA [emailprotected] 510-651-7483 The pace of scientific progress may be hindered by the tendency of our academic institutions to reward being popular, rather than being right. A market-based alternative, where scientists can more formally "stake their reputation", is presented here. It offers clear incentives to be careful and honest while contributing to a visible, self-consistent consensus on controversial (or routine) scientific questions. In addition, it allows patrons to choose questions to be researched without choosing people or methods. The bulk of this paper is spent examining potential problems with the proposed approach. After this examination, the idea still seems plausible and worth further study. INTRODUCTION After reviewing the discrepancy between what we want from academic institutions and what we get from current institutions, a market-based alternative called "idea futures" is suggested. It is described through both a set of specific scenarios and a set of detailed procedures. Over thirty possible problems and objections are examined in detail. Finally, a development strategy is outlined and the possible advantages are summarized. THE PROBLEM THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Four centuries ago, some Europeans complained that the existing academic institutions were biased against them. Insiders, it was said, were "inflated by letters" and shunned anyone who dared "speculate on anything out of the common way" [De]. Outsiders -- astrologers, chemists, and people like Bacon and Galileo -- argued that they and their theories should be judged by how well they agreed with observations, and not by how they agreed with the authorities of the day [Gal]. This was the age of utopias [Whi], as these rebels debated possible academic reforms and imagined whole new social institutions, for both academia in particular and society in general. Within a century or so, the intellectual descendants of these outsiders became the new insiders in a process now called the "Scientific Revolution". They introduced a new respect for observations along with new social institutions, such as the Royal Society of London, inspired by those utopian ideals. Since then science has made impressive progress. Most controversial issues of four centuries ago seem long settled by now, and continued research may well settle most of today's controversies. Academia can claim some credit for this, and academic institutions have continued to evolve in response to perceived problems, formalizing publication in journals, credit in citations, and evaluation in anonymous peer review. PROBLEMS WITH ACADEMIA Yet little has really changed. Academia is still largely a medieval guild, with a few powerful elites, many slave-like apprentices, and members who hold a monopoly on the research patronage of princes and the teaching of their sons. Outsiders still complain about bias, saying their evidence is ignored, and many observers [Gh,Red,SmP,Syk,Tr,Tul] have noted some long-standing problems with the research component of academia. {footnote: Teaching reform is beyond the scope of this paper. I am content to observe that there are no obvious reasons why the changes I will propose should make teaching worse.} As currently practiced {footnote: Early peer reviewer consisted more of personally observing experiments and trying to reproduce analyses.} peer review is just another popularity contest, inducing familiar political games; savvy players criticize outsiders, praise insiders, follow the fashions insiders indicate, and avoid subjects between or outside the familiar subjects. It can take surprisingly long for outright lying by insiders to be exposed [Red]. There are too few incentives to correct for cognitive [Kah] and social [My] biases, such as wishful thinking, overconfidence, anchoring [He], and preferring people with a background similar to your own. Publication quantity is often the major measure of success, encouraging redundant publication of "smallest publishable units" by many co-authors. The need to have one's research appear original gives too little incentive to see if it has already been done elsewhere, as is often the case, and neglects efforts to integrate previous research. A preoccupation with "genius" and ideological wars over "true" scientific method [Gh] needlessly detract from just trying to be useful. Perhaps the core problem is that academics are rewarded mainly for telling a good story, rather than for being right. (By "right" I include not only being literally correct, but also being on the right track, or enabling work on the right track.)

Learn Ten Facts About Washington, D.C.

Learn Ten Facts About Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., officially called the District of Columbia, is the capital of the United States. It was founded on July 16, 1790, and today has a city population of 599,657 (2009 estimate) and an area of 68 square miles (177 sq km). It should be noted, however, that during the week, Washington, D.C.s population rises to well over one million people due to suburban commuters. The population of the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area was 5.4 million people as of 2009. Washington, D.C. is home to all three branches of the U.S. government as well as many international organizations and the embassies of 174 foreign nations. In addition to being the center of U.S. government, Washington, D.C. is known for its history, many historic national monuments and famous museums like the Smithsonian Institution. The following is a list of ten important things to know about Washington, D.C. Inhabited by the Nacotchtank Tribe of Native Americans When Europeans first arrived in what is present-day Washington, D.C. in the 17th century the area was inhabited by the Nacotchtank tribe of Native Americans. By the 18th century though, Europeans had relocated the tribe and the region was becoming developed. In 1749, Alexandria, Virginia was founded and in 1751, the Province of Maryland chartered Georgetown along the Potomac River. Eventually, both were included in the original Washington, D.C. District. The Residence Act In 1788, James Madison stated that the new U.S. nation would need a capital that was distinct from the states. Shortly thereafter, Article I of the U.S Constitution stated that a district, separate from the states, would become the seat of government. On July 16, 1790, the Residence Act established that this capital district would be located along the Potomac River and President George Washington would decide exactly where. The Organic Act Officially Organized the District of Columbia Initially, Washington, D.C. was a square and measured ten miles (16 km) on each side. First, a federal city was constructed near Georgetown and on September 9, 1791, the city was named Washington and the newly established federal district was named Columbia. In 1801, the Organic Act officially organized the District of Columbia and it was expanded to include Washington, Georgetown, and Alexandria. The War of 1812 In August 1814, Washington, D.C. was attacked by British forces during the War of 1812 and the Capitol, Treasury and White House were all burned. They were quickly repaired however and governmental operations resumed. In 1846, Washington, D.C. lost some of its area when Congress returned all District territory south of the Potomac back to the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Organic Act of 1871 then combined the City of Washington, Georgetown and Washington County into a single entity known as the District of Columbia. This is the region that became known as todays Washington, D.C. Washington D.C. Is Still Considered Separate Today, Washington, D.C. is still considered separate from its neighboring states (Virginia and Maryland) and it is governed by a mayor and a city council. The U.S. Congress, however, has the highest authority over the area and it can overturn local laws if necessary. In addition, residents of Washington, D.C. were not allowed to vote in presidential elections until 1961. Washington, D.C. also has a non-voting Congressional delegate but it does not have any senators. Economy Focused on Service and Government Jobs Washington, D.C. currently has a large growing economy that is mainly focused on the service sector and government jobs. According to Wikipedia, in 2008, federal government jobs made up 27% of the jobs in Washington, D.C. In addition to government jobs, Washington, D.C. also has industries related to education, finance, and research. D.C. Is 68 Square Miles The total area of Washington, D.C. today is 68 square miles (177 sq km) - all of which formerly belonged to Maryland. The area is surrounded by Maryland on three sides and Virginia to the south. The highest point in Washington, D.C. is Point Reno at 409 feet (125 m) and it is located in the Tenleytown neighborhood. Much of Washington, D.C. is parkland and the district was highly planned during its initial construction. Washington, D.C. is divided into four quadrants: the Northwest, Northeast, Southeast, and Southwest. Each quadrant radiates out from the Capitol building. The Climate Is Humid Subtropical The climate of Washington, D.C. is considered humid subtropical. It has cold winters with average snowfall at about 14.7 inches (37 cm) and hot, humid summers. The average January low temperature is 27.3ËšF (-3ËšC) while the average July high is 88ËšF (31ËšC). The Population Distribution As of 2007, Washington, D.C. had a population distribution of 56% African American, 36% White, 3% Asian and 5% other. The district has had a significant population of African Americans since its founding largely because of the freeing of slaves in the southern states following the American Revolution. Recently, however, the percentage of African Americans has been declining in Washington, D.C. as more of the population moves to the suburbs. Cultural Center of the U.S. Washington, D.C. is considered a cultural center of the U.S. because of its many National Historic Landmarks, museums and historic places such as the Capitol and White House. Washington, D.C. is home to the National Mall which is a large park within the city and it contains museums like the Smithsonian and the National Museum of Natural History. The Washington Monument is located on the west end of the National Mall. Sources: Wikipedia.org. (5 October 2010). Washington Monument - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_MonumentWikipedia.org. (30 September 2010). Washington, D.C. - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.

Personal Values, Motivations, and Emotional Intelligence Essay

Personal Values, Motivations, and Emotional Intelligence - Essay Example From the results of the Disc Assessment, it was revealed that the highest Disc dimension which exemplifies one’s personality is dominance and the classical pattern is a results-oriented pattern (Laureate Education, Inc., 2013). These results are therefore aligned with personal values and motivational drives for achievement. As a result-oriented person, the strengths included: exuding self-confidence, quick thinking abilities, determined and persistent, direct, focused, and individualistic. The weaknesses allegedly include: impatience, fault-finders, could be perceived as blunt and uncaring (Laureate Education, Inc., 2013). Thus, emotional intelligence could be perceived as needing improvement due to the innate ability to achieve tasks and responsibilities individually and independently; rather than reliance on other people. All of these values, motivational drives, and emotional intelligence results were found to be exhibited in the work setting. For instance, one’s previous work in a healthcare institution has proven conformity to ethical, moral, and legal standards, as well as abiding with indicated values through adherence to the organization’s policies and procedures. As a healthcare institution, it was specifically guided by standards proposed by the Joint Commission, which focuses on providing a high quality of patient care (The Joint Commission, 2013). One’s personal values were most appreciated and applicable in the healthcare setting and aligned with motivational drives of being a high achiever. One was tasked to undertake assigned responsibilities and submit reportorial documents in prescribed time frames. Likewise, all endeavors were observed to be undertaken in conjunction with the need to satisfy the needs of the patients and of the people one gets to interact with.

Poster proposal presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poster proposal presentation - Essay Example Application programs also fall in this category and a good example is the payroll check processor. An ecommerce database is a method of storage and presentation of large amounts of information which is then used by an ecommerce or by an online payment system. Ecommerce makes it possible for consumers to remotely from the internet make purchases or process relevant financial transactions. A secure database is needed by the company hosting the ecommerce process to store such valuable and sensitive information such as credit card information and product inventory. When making a decision on the best choice for an ecommerce solution, it is important to take careful consideration to ensure it is helpful in its untended purpose. It is important to consider if the database provides a secure environment when deciding on which ecommerce database to use so as to protect sensitive information such as personal, financial, and project information. It is very important to make the database application user friendly and easy to use as well as being flexible and adaptable to change. This is so that where need be, modifications or improvements can be made in the future. Customer information in a data base is stored in one file and the sales information is then stored in another separate file. each customers information is entered only once and then each customer is assigned a number unique to them. This makes it possible for the sales records to be entered using only the customer number to refer back to their specific customer file. This mode of database use helps to saves data entry time and also storage space. It also helps by making it easier and faster to retrieve information. Another advantage is that it makes it possible to get quick answers to important queries concerning your sales. For instance you can then be able to find out which product you sold the most in a very fast manner since all the system has to do is read the sales information. Most

The Playboy of the Western World Analysis

The Playboy of the Western World Analysis J.M. Synges highly controversial play The Playboy of the Western World exposed the middle-class Dublin audience to a different portrayal of Irish countryside life as opposed to the traditional idyllic image they were accustomed to. Synge strongly employs the element of satire in his play, implemented as a device to shock his conventional audience; the plays lack of morals would have offended the audience, so satire is also used to inject humour, creating a light-hearted tragicomedy. In pages 59 62 the presence of satire can be analysed in terms of satirising gender, religion and the presentation of rural Ireland, in addition to how satire is present throughout the entire play. Synge depicts Christy Mahon as a weak, frightened, young man at the beginning of the excerpt, whereas Pegeen is given a strong, almost masculine persona, protecting him from the Widows advances. When the Widow is introduced, the audience sees Christy clinging to Pegeen exclaiming Oh Glory! with Pegeen having to hurriedly give Christy his supper and usher him off to bed like a child. In this extract, the audience sees how Pegeen is given the protector role, exhibiting maternal instincts. In 1907, the satirising of gender roles shown with Synge giving more status to women than men would amuse the audience, as it conflicts with the traditional Irish patriarchal society. Christy is painted as the classic damsel-in-distress, with Pegeen having to fight the Widow, angrily telling her that she will not have him tormented, and he destroyed travelling since Tuesday was a week. Again it is evident that Christy is shying away from his expected male role, leaving Pegeen to defend him, amusing th e audience. When the Widow pulls Christy up, as theyd best be going, young fellow; so rise up and come with me, Pegeen retaliates by seizing his arm, insisting hell not stir. Christy has been compromised in terms of his masculinity; two women have physically placed their control over him, and Christy lacks the strength to disprove their control. This scene would have been very comedic, as not only are Pegeen and the Widow effectively having a brawl, a male associated activity, but Christy is helpless in the middle, like a female. Traditionally, it would have been the men who wooed the women, but Synge has ignored this, with Christy being rather violently wooed by Pegeen and the Widow, eliciting laughter from the audience, who would find the explicit use of satire highly amusing. Synge is presenting Christys essential emasculation, shown by reversing traditional gender roles. Later on in the play a mule race takes place; as D. P. Moran observes, the pursuit of physical-contact Gaelic games [was used as] an antidote to such emasculation. Christys partaking in the race shows how he used this opportunity to reassert his gender after feeling emasculated by Pegeen and the Widow. Throughout the excerpt from p.59-62, repeated references are made to religion, many in the form of Father Reilly, the local priest. Though he is not seen in the excerpt, his presence is acknowledged as he is partially why the Widow went to find Christy Mahon; when Pegeen asks her What ails you, or what is it youre wanting at this hour of the night? the Widow replies that she was after meeting Shawn Keogh and Father Reilly below, who told me of your curiosity man, and they fearing by this time he was roaring, romping on your hands with drink. The audience would not be surprised by Father Reillys attitudes, as in the 1900s Ireland was a devoutly Catholic nation, as Jane Abbottsmith explains The term Irish Irelander originated to characterize the true Irishman: Catholic and with Irish ancestry, learned in Irish folklore and competent in the speaking and reading of the Gaelic language. Abbottsmith continues to remark that it was the Irish peasants, who were the traditionally pious, Catho lic population that was well versed in Irish folklore. Though the 1900s audience would have expected the priests intervention, a modern audience would find it comedic how Pegeen being alone with Christy has prompted such a flustered reaction, suggesting Synges attitudes were ahead of his time. Irish society was devoutly religious, so the audience would have been surprised at how Father Reilly is the only religious character. The other characters do not seem to incorporate religion in their personas, shocking the audience. However, the only other character to be religious would cause offence: the Widow Quin remarks to Christ God save you mister! which is highly ironic as her intentions for him are far from holy. Seeing such a scandalized, predatory character using the Lords name would have undoubtedly offended the audience. The power of the Catholic Church is a running theme throughout the play, as Synge would be aware that his audience would compare what they see onstage to the Chur chs teachings. Therefore Synge has satirised religion to expose the absurdity of the extreme religious views in Ireland; a lack of religion in the other characters further show the audience how independent rural Ireland is from middle-class conventions. The portrayal of life in the Irish countryside was undoubtedly one of the main sources of controversy in the play. The middle class audience would have had the conception of rural Ireland employing a quiet, idyllic life however Synges play disproves this, county Mayo being the antithesis to their expectations. Christy is welcomed with open arms, despite the town knowing he murdered his father. As Adrian Fraser notes, The Playboy could be read as exploring a converse proposition: a communal willingness to absorb (even glorify) those who break the ultimate taboo against patricide. Christys glorification would greatly concern the audience, inducing outrage. By satirising countryside life, Synge was providing a social commentary on life in the isolated rural coast. However, Christy is later disgraced in the play, when the characters realise they have been deceived. When Pegeen tells of how the Widow supposedly murdered her husband, where she hit himself with a worn pick, and the rusted poison did corrode his blood the way he never overed it, and died after. That was a sneaky kind of murder did win small glory with the boys itself the audience would be shocked that such sin runs free in the countryside. As Fraser again writes, The Playboy of the Western World is a social satire of rural life that is fantastic, grotesque, and profound. At the plays conclusion, when Christy leaves Pegeen for his adventures, the audience would find humour at the contrast between their futures: Christy is off to live a life of excitement, whilst Pegeen is doomed to a fate of marrying Shawn and a dull life in County Mayo. The difference in their fates reinforces the plays status as a tragicomedy. Synge uses the element of satire in his play to expose to the middle class Dublin audience what life was like for the people of the countryside; the plays controversy stemmed from people disliking what they saw. By satirising gender roles, religion and the idyllic conception of Irish countryside life, Synge was effectively able to annul the pastoral sentiments felt towards them, illustrating to the middle class how independent rural Ireland was to the pretentious Dubliners. As Heidi Holder says Synge makes it quite clear to his audiences that their beloved image of the Irish country folk was a mere construction a construction eminently open to challenge, and it was precisely this dismantling of the distinctions between fiction and reality that was the source of Synges conflict with his audience.

Use Of Alfuzosin And Trial Health And Social Care Essay

Patients and Methods: A sum of 63 patients showing with a first episode of self-generated AUR related to BPH underwent exigency catheterisation and were so indiscriminately and blindly assigned to have 10 milligrams alfuzosin one time day-to-day or placebo at a ratio of 2:1 for 3 yearss. The efficaciousness standard of this survey was the rate of successful TWOC within 24 hours after catheter remotion. The influence of factors such as age, urine keeping volume, fluid ingestion, irregularity and urinary piece of land infection ( UTI ) on TWOC result was besides assessed. Acute urinary keeping ( AUR ) represents one of most important and painful events in the natural history of benign prostate hyperplasia ( BPH ) . Up to a 3rd of patients undergoing surgical intervention for BPH present with acute urinary keeping ( AUR ) . [ 1 ] Acute urinary keeping is associated with important anxiousness, uncomfortableness and patient incommodiousness. The impact on patients ‘ health-related quality of life is comparable to an onslaught of nephritic gripes. [ 2 ] The most common cause of urinary keeping is benign prostate hyperplasia. [ 3 ] Acute urinary keeping was one time considered an absolute indicant for prostatectomy but the patients ‘ desire to avoid surgery and development of successful medical direction has led to a more conservative attack normally being adopted. The attack and direction of AUR has undergone a profound alteration over the last decennary. We herein discourse the hazard factors and recent tendencies in the direction of AUR seco ndary to BPH. Between Jan. 2010 and October 2010, 63 patients with a minimal age of 51 old ages with a first episode of self-generated AUR related to BPH and a urine keeping volume of between 500 and 1,500 milliliter at catheterisation were enrolled in a randomised prospective placebo controlled survey done at Medical metropolis, Baghdad. All causes of precipitated AUR were considered as exclusion standards except irregularity and a high fluid consumption to find the specific influence of these two parametric quantities. Work force included in this survey were those older than 50 old ages presented with AUR and have residuary piss greater than 500 milliliters. Patients were excluded when they have neurogenic vesica disfunction, ague or chronic prostatitis, history of prostate and urethral surgery, known vesica rocks, urethral stenosis, coagulum keeping secondary to haematurias of any cause, residuary volume inferior to 500 milliliter or superior to 1,500ml, AUR non related to BPH, and those with o ther diseases including Parkinson ‘s disease, insulin dependant diabetes, multiple induration, stroke or myocardial infarction within the old 6 months, hepatic abnormalcies, neutropenia, nephritic inadequacy, unstable or terrible bosom failure, postural hypotension or faint, known hypersensitivity to ?-blockers, and suspected or diagnosed evolutive neoplastic disease. Patients having sympathomimetics, 5?-reductase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, anticholinergics, or first coevals antihistamines were besides excluded. At admittance and after the diagnosing of AUR associated with BPH was established, urethral vesica catheterisation was performed. Patients were randomized to have 10 milligrams alfuzosin one time day-to-day or placebo with a ratio of 2 on alfuzosin to 1 on placebo harmonizing to a centrally established randomisation list. The catheter was removed after a lower limit of 2 doses of study drug and each patient received 1 extra tablet the twenty-four hours afte r catheter remotion. Catheterization clip and drained volume at catheterisation every bit good as patient demographic informations, BPH history, and general medical and surgical history were recorded. Clinical scrutiny and standard research lab trials were performed. TWOC was considered successful if the patient returned to satisfactory elimination within the first 24 hours following remotion of the urethral catheter without re-catheterization. No value of post-void residuary piss was specified. Sixty three patients enduring from first episode of AUR due to BPH were prospectively randomized into 2 groups of 42 for alfuzosin and 21 for placebo.The terminal point of the survey was the per centum of successful TWOCs. The influence on TWOC success rate by age, drained volume at catheterisation, active UTI at registration, irregularity before AUR, and unstable consumption within 24 hours before AUR was tested utilizing logistic arrested development method. The per centums of successful T WOC were compared between the groups utilizing chi -square trials. The per centum of patients who experienced at least 1 inauspicious event was lower in the alfuzosin group ( 3 of 40 or 8.4 % ) than in the placebo group ( 3 of 20 or 13.1 % ) . The most often reported event potentially related to ?-blockade in the alfuzosin group was orthostatic hypotension ( 1 of 40 patients or 2.5 % ) .DiscussionPressing prostate surgery performed for AUR consequences in greater morbidity and mortality than the same surgery performed on an elected footing. Surgical intercession in the presence of a urinary catheter can besides take to an increased hazard of sepsis. [ 4-6 ] , potentially lending to the ascertained addition in operative morbidity in this aged group. [ 7,8 ] For illustration, in the survey of Pickard et al 1,242 work forces who presented in AUR and underwent prostatectomy were at increased hazard for perioperative complications and at extra hazard for decease compared to work forces who underwent elected prostatectomy for symptoms entirely. Thus, inte rvention steps that can avoid pressing surgery or let surgical intercession on an elected footing without the presence of a urinary catheter can be considered of import in the direction of AUR. This survey demonstrates that 10 milligrams alfuzosin one time day-to-day facilitates the return to normal elimination in patients undergoing TWOC for a first episode of self-generated AUR and it is good tolerated. It besides confirms that patient age 65 old ages or older and drained volume 1,000 milliliter or greater are risk factors for TWOC failure. Nevertheless, after leting for these 2 factors alfuzosin improved the successful TWOC. Some methodological facets of the survey may foremost be considered. The Study was designed to reflect existent life criterion medical attention in footings of the intervention of work forces in AUR. Thus, the context of the survey was peculiarly hard because it involved patients seen for exigency attention, whereas most clinical surveies in the BPH field are done in the more controlled scene of an outpatient clinic. The usage of a suprapubic catheter for AUR alleviation was considered but the overpowering bulk of published articles on AUR refer chiefly to a urethral catheter for initial direction, reflecting the common usage of this device in clinical pattern. [ 9 ] Therefore, a transurethral catheter was chosen. While a suprapubic catheter confers advantages in long-run usage, the demand for increased experience, clip and disbursal for this process are non offset by such advantages in the short Term [ 10 ] Catheterization continuance may besides be discussed. In the survey the catheter was removed after 2 doses of study drug that is after 2 or 3 yearss of catheterisation. Sing the high response rate observed in the placebo group ( 35 % ) and the fact that the success rate of TWOC clearly increases with continuance of catheterisation. [ 11 ] it is possible that shorter catheterisation or even in and out catheterisation would hold been an appropriate option. However, there is presently no consensus on this point.The consequences of the current survey are consistent with those antecedently reported with other ?1-blockers [ 12-15 ] and with 5mg alfuzosin twice daily [ 16 ] in little groups of patients in AUR. In the latter double-blind, randomized survey invalidating after catheter remotion was successful in 22 of 40 patients ( 55 % ) having alfuzosin vs 12 of 41 ( 29 % ) receiving placebo. This lower placebo response ( 29 % ) may be explained by the shorter continuance of catheterisation ( less than 2 yearss ) , as discussed. Age has been shown to be an of import factor that significantly influences TWOC result. In the old survey done with 5 milligrams alfuzosin twice daily the average age of patients with successful TWOC regardless of intervention was a average 4.5 old ages younger than that in those who failed to invalidate ( p 0.015 ) . [ 16 ] In the current survey, in which no upper age bound was set in the inc lusion standards, enabling aged work forces to be included and reflecting the prevalence of AUR, the inauspicious influence of age on TWOC result was once more clearly demonstrated. However, even in aged patients ( age 65 old ages or older ) at high hazard for TWOC failure alfuzosin increased the opportunities of successful elimination compared with placebo. The current survey besides confirmed the reported inauspicious influence of big drained volume on TWOC result. [ 17 ] Nevertheless, in patients with a drained volume of 1,000 milliliter or greater who were, therefore, more likely to hold impaired detrusor map a higher per centum of successful TWOCs was observed in the alfuzosin group compared with the placebo group. Other factors normally associated with AUR, viz. irregularity, acute urinary infection and/or high fluid intake were found to hold no important influence on TWOC result. [ 18,9,10 ] The consequences of the current survey are consistent with those reported by Madhu et Al. [ 19 ] Alfuzosin was good tolerated in this population of aged and frail patients with a average age of 69 old ages who were treated in an exigency state of affairs, including 32 % and 15 % with a history of high blood pressure and ischaemic bosom disease, severally. The incidence of inauspicious events or serious inauspicious events was comparable to that of placebo. It must be recognized that, sing the earnestness of the possible mortality/morbidity associated with exigency surgery for AUR and morbidity related to long-run catheterisation, the somewhat higher incidence of postural hypotension ( 2.5 % ) reported with alfuzosin in this acute state of affairs compared with placebo is to be considered negligible.DecisionThis survey clearly demonstrates that 10 milligrams alfuzosin one time day-to-day is effectual for bettering the opportunity of successful TWOC after a first episode of self-generated BPH related AUR even in aged patients and in patients with a big drained volume who are at increased hazard for TWOC failure. There is no increased hazard of an inauspicious event. The obvious benefit is that work forces can hold the catheter removed quickly and return place without the uncomfortableness and possible morbidity associated with an in situ catheter. Furthermore, in patients necessitating BPH surgery this should lend to diminish the morbidity and mortality normally associated with an acute process.

Consider the role and status of victims Essay

Consider the role and status of victims In the criminal Justice system There can be more than one way to define a victim, In one instance It’s believed that a victim is someone that has been harmed physically, emotionally and/or economically harmed by incriminating actions perpetrated by another being. (Carmen 2010) It can be argued that the family of the offender is in fact a victim too. In the sense that family and friends may experience the lost of a family member or a friend. F they were to become Incarcerated as a result of their actions. They may also have to deal tit news reports if the offense makes the media and the ‘shame’ that comes with having a family member or friend in prison and televised. The victim’s family/friends also have to deal with a lost, in crimes such as murder, or a crime that incorporates drastic change that can revolutionist the life of these individuals. Organizations/ companies can also be tricked and schemed, potentially tur ning them into victims. Rimes such as fraud and Illegal downloading are In fact crimes too. It can be said that all these people employed within the business and the business Itself is In n fact victims too. This essay will consider both the role and status of victims within the criminal Justice system describing the concept of the part a victim plays within a criminal proceeding and also touching upon the likeliness of one to become a victim and reasons for this. When considering the status of a victim some are more fitting of the Victim status’ than others. So who are these likely victims? Is there a particular group of people or an individual that is deemed more likely to become a victim than any other person? It’s arguable to say that, the place where someone lives, their race, age, sexuality and/ r gender are in fact factors that may increase ones chances of becoming a victim of crime. Briggs 2009) This hypothesis supports the perspective that one’s chance of becoming a victim is in fact unevenly spread across society (Davies 2010) For example Davies (2009), expresses how the difference In age Is relevant to volitionally Innocent children and the elderly being perceived as particularly vulnerable (Davies 2009 IPPP) The youngster hold habit of hanging on the streets, Increasing the chances of them becoming a victim of street crime such as robbery, assault and theft. While the elderly are subjected to stay indoors due such factors as Ill health, incapability to get around and bad weather conditions. These factors all help to increase the likeliness of them becoming a victim of a household crime. (Davies 2010). Carbine tall (Bibb expresses the typical offender to be male’. (Carbine tall 2009. Up. 186) and found that those that tend to live in the run-down inner city- and areas of council accommodation† were in fact more likely to commit crime. Seeing these Individuals as Unalterable to crime problem occurring. ‘ (Carbine tall 2009 Up. 6) Nils Christie (1986) a Norwegian criminologist cited In Newman (2007) proposed that the ‘ideal victim’ is in fact a weak individual in relation to the offender, illustrated that the victim became a victim through acting morally or going about their everyday routine, in that aspect Christie’ theory demonstrates a general care for the victim calling them ‘blamelessâ€℠¢ for what has happened. (Newman 2007 Up. 342-343) Ones race and being an ethnic minorities is seen as a factor that influences the likeliness of becoming a victim as afro-Caribbean and Asians are more at risk of experience a house-hold offense or a personal offense than whites. Some of the offenses that take place against these groups of ethnic minorities may be racially motivated or explained by socio-economic. (Phillips and Bowling 2002) In the sense that one’s socio- economic status is based on their family income, prenatal education level, prenatal occupation, and social status in the community they live in. The concept of the word ‘role’ is to consider a person’s part played in a particular situation. So in the aspect of a victim within the criminal Justice system the role of a cacti lays heavily on reporting the crime and/or providing evidence. These areas hold such significance in helping to solve a case as a victim reporting a crime brings it to the police attention and the evidence shared is more likely to advocate a conviction, as the victim is seen as a witness. This help to decrease the police following up relentless and skeptical leads, and cause the possibly prevention of a conviction. (Carbine teal 2009) In the aspect of the role of victims in the criminal justice system, it’s evident that there is room for improvement. Saved Khan, Chief Executive of victim support agrees that more needs to be done. Criminal Justice agencies need to do more to meet the needs of victims and witnesses. † all too often when they come into contact with the system they are dissatisfied and lose confidence. † (vivisectionist. Com, 2011) When reporting a crime the role of the victim is to tell the story of the incident that has taken place, it’s the police decision whether to take actions further and go through the correct processes, of gaining Justice for this victim. With the victim, the sorority of the time there is an inevitable case to be brought forward, however theirs times when the evidence that has been given is taken out of the victims hands and preceded by the officer in charge. This can happen a lot in Domestic violence incidents when the compliant after giving a statement wants to withdraw their statement however it’s too late and the case is set in motion. Using the example of domestic violence another role of the victim would be to attend court, and give evidence to the members of the court such as the Judge Jury (in a trial) prosecutors ND defense. This is the time the victim can ask how the offense has affected them, and the ideal punishment they believe is deserved. In regards to the roles and status of victims in the criminal Justice system, it all subsides to refinancing the criminal Justice system. So that victims are in fact victims are more deemed as Victims’ rather than evidence. This causes controversial, arguments of victim statements and victim statement of opinion being produced in courts, implying the victim in fact has the right to put across the damage the crime as imposed upon them and their family and suggesting the sentence that I to be handed out. However if the offense was so horrifying why do they live to ret-tell the to allow the victim to feel safe, protected and sympathized with. According to The Victims of Crime Act 1994, victims are to be dealt with sympathetically, constructively and in a reassuring manner, and with due regards to that persons individual situation, rights and dignity’ (victim information 2007 Up. L). In some serious cases public protections is given to victims after the incident and or while the criminal case s open. Implementations of counseling, advice and guidance are given when dealing with victims to help the person come to terms with the previous incident, and there rights within the criminal Justice system as a victim. Such services are better known as the VS. -the victim’s service scheme and the JAG – the Justice advocacy unit. (Victim information 2007 Up. 4) In conclusion are victims used to purely gain Justice, or to help punish, those non law abiding citizens? More implementations should be put into place to ensure the cities of crime are in fact treated and portrayed as victims, and not deemed to be vital evidence in a criminal case then neglected once the case is closed. Forgotten players† (Davies 2010, Up 69) or used to facilitate Justice or a criminal conviction, as the criminal Justice system was created to protect the public from those that defy the law. (Davies 2010) the situation has somewhat changed but victims are still feeling let don’t by the system and the treatment and lack of support they are given within and after the process of their situation.

A Mankind And Nature - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 630 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Into The Wild Essay Did you like this example? There is no doubt that nature has given back to mankind. Everything individuals have anticipated that would continue was given by the ordinary world around us: food, water, medicine, materials for shelter, ect. Individuals, on the other hand, have caused issues that will keep on influencing the nature around us, for example, contamination through the improvement and advancement of technology. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Mankind And Nature" essay for you Create order So, the real question is do we need nature or does nature need us, because as it seems that nature is a gift that keeps on giving but the individual can be selfish by not realizing the long term effects we conflict upon nature. Fresh water is a free source that provides the individual with multiple things, such as the ability to travel across the world by boat, go for a swim on a hot summer day, or simply to drink when thirsty. Theres thousands of miles of water on Earth, but according to studies In developing countries, 70 percent of industrial wastes are dumped untreated into waters, polluting the usable water supply (Girard). Waste is constantly ending up in the oceans, rivers, and lakes all over the world from the individuals not properly disposing of their trash where its supposed to be put. Man is benefitted in thousands of ways, but none think of the harm they are doing to nature when they decide to leave their doritos bag on the sand while the waves wash it up or the water bottles they throw in the trash instead of the recycling bin to be reused. In the novel, Into the Wild, Christopher McCandless Nature has also provided us the ability to access a multitude of life-saving medications, being the ultimate chemist. Nearly half of all human pharmaceuticals now in use were originally derived from natural sources and it states that Some 50 years later, scientists identified anticancer compounds in the rosy periwinkle, which pharmaceutical heavyweight Eli Lilly subsequently produced for the treatment of leukemia and Hodgkins disease (Wong). Nature has provided mankind with the power to heal and provide medication to those in need, but once again humans continue to destroy the environment by cutting down the trees and plants that were beneficial to life and science to be able to build new buildings and neighborhoods. People cut down 15 billion trees each year and the global tree count has fallen by 46% since the beginning of human civilization (Worland). Studies show that humans dont realize the amount of trees they are cutting down each year. Obviously humans cut down these trees fo r more reasons but by replacing these sources with new architecture, it enables the trees and plants to be able to regrow in that spot. Therefore, plants that provide humans with medication such as periwinkle or aspirin, wont be able to flourish and have the ability to produce more of. Nature is beneficial to the individual not only physically through the resources it provides, but it is also a reliever of stress and allows for a breath of fresh air. It is proven that patients in hospitals with access to view natural scenery show increased recovery rates, had better evaluations from nurses, required fewer pain killers, and had less complications after surgeries compared to those who viewed urban scenes. It is also proven that nature can clear your head by helping restore harmony to the brain as a whole. Nature is like a psychologist that provides free therapy, but instead of going outside to manage stress, most people choose to go straight to their electronics. A study found that more than half of adults reported spending five hours or less in nature each week. Parents of children 8 to 12 years old said that their children spend three times as many hours with computers and televisions each week as they do playing outside.